While RTGS systems settle payments instantly, many retail net networks use Deferred Net Settlement (DNS) systems to reduce reserve usage.
The Deferred Net Settlement Process
DNS networks accumulate transaction instructions throughout the operating day, calculating a single net position for each bank at closing. This structure reduces the amount of reserves banks must hold to cover daily flows:
  Settlement Model |   Processing Methodology      |   Core Operational Risk Focus
-------------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------
  RTGS Systems     | Instant gross reserve shifts  | High intraday liquidity demands
  DNS Networks     | Deferred end-of-day netting   | High overnight counterparty default risk

If a participant bank fails at closing before settling its net obligations, the DNS network can face severe gridlock, forcing the central bank to intervene to prevent broader interbank defaults.
 
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