┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    DIGITAL FINANCE ECOSYSTEM                                │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                    PAYMENTS & TRANSFERS                              │   │
│  │  Mobile payments, cross-border, remittances, digital wallets        │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                                                                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                    LENDING & CREDIT                                  │   │
│  │  Digital lending, peer-to-peer lending, credit scoring              │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                                                                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                    INVESTMENT & WEALTH MANAGEMENT                    │   │
│  │  Robo-advisors, digital asset management, tokenisation              │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                                                                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                    INSURANCE                                          │   │
│  │  InsurTech, parametric insurance, digital claims                    │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                                                                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                    BLOCKCHAIN & ASSETS                                │   │
│  │  Cryptocurrencies, DeFi, tokenisation, CBDCs                        │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                                                                             │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │                    REGTECH & COMPLIANCE                              │   │
│  │  KYC/AML automation, fraud detection, regulatory reporting          │   │
│  └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL FINANCE                             │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                                             │
│  1990s ──── 2000s ──── 2010 ──── 2015 ──── 2020 ──── 2024 ──── Future    │
│    │         │         │         │         │         │                    │
│    v         v         v         v         v         v                    │
│  ┌─────┐  ┌─────┐  ┌─────┐  ┌─────┐  ┌─────┐  ┌────────────┐          │
│  │Online│  │Mobile│  │Fin- │  │Block-│  │DeFi │  │AI-powered │          │
│  │Bank-│  │Bank-│  │Tech │  │chain│  │ &   │  │Digital     │          │
│  │ing  │  │ing  │  │Start│  │  │  │Token-│  │Finance     │          │
│  └─────┘  └─────┘  └─────┘  └─────┘  └─────┘  └────────────┘          │
│                                                                             │
│  Key Milestones:                                                            │
│  • 1990s: Online banking emerges                                           │
│  • 2000s: Mobile banking and PayPal                                       │
│  • 2010: FinTech startups (Square, Stripe)                                 │
│  • 2015: Blockchain and cryptocurrency awareness                          │
│  • 2020: DeFi explosion, institutional adoption                           │
│  • 2024: CBDCs, tokenisation, AI integration                              │
│  • Future: Fully autonomous finance, programmable money                   │
│                                                                             │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

# ===================================================================
# MODULE 2, LESSON 1: OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL FINANCE
# ===================================================================

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import warnings
warnings.filterwarnings('ignore')

print("="*70)
print("OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL FINANCE")
print("="*70)

# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# PART A: DIGITAL FINANCE PRODUCT SIMULATION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------

print("\n" + "-"*60)
print("PART A: Digital Finance Product Simulation")
print("-"*60)

class DigitalFinanceProduct:
    """A base class for digital finance products."""
    
    def __init__(self, name: str, category: str, provider: str):
        self.name = name
        self.category = category
        self.provider = provider
        self.users = 0
        self.transaction_volume = 0
        self.created_at = datetime.now()
        self.metrics = {}
    
    def onboard_user(self, user_id: str) -> bool:
        self.users += 1
        print(f"User {user_id} onboarded to {self.name}")
        return True
    
    def process_transaction(self, amount: float, user_id: str) -> dict:
        self.transaction_volume += amount
        tx = {
            'user': user_id,
            'amount': amount,
            'timestamp': datetime.now(),
            'product': self.name
        }
        print(f"Processed ${amount:.2f} transaction for {user_id}")
        return tx
    
    def get_metrics(self) -> dict:
        return {
            'name': self.name,
            'category': self.category,
            'users': self.users,
            'volume': self.transaction_volume,
            'age_days': (datetime.now() - self.created_at).days
        }

# Create products
products = [
    DigitalFinanceProduct("QuickPay", "Payments", "FinTech Inc"),
    DigitalFinanceProduct("SmartLend", "Lending", "Digital Bank"),
    DigitalFinanceProduct("CryptoVault", "Custody", "Crypto Co")
]

# Simulate onboarding and transactions
for product in products:
    product.onboard_user("user_001")
    product.onboard_user("user_002")
    product.process_transaction(100.50, "user_001")
    product.process_transaction(250.00, "user_002")

print("\nProduct Metrics:")
metrics_df = pd.DataFrame([p.get_metrics() for p in products])
print(metrics_df.to_string(index=False))

# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# PART B: DIGITAL FINANCE ECOSYSTEM MAPPING
# ----------------------------------------------------------------

print("\n" + "-"*60)
print("PART B: Digital Finance Ecosystem Mapping")
print("-"*60)

ecosystem = {
    "Payments": {
        "Description": "Digital payment systems and remittances",
        "Subcategories": ["Mobile Payments", "Cross-border", "Digital Wallets"],
        "Key Players": ["PayPal", "Stripe", "Square", "Revolut"],
        "Market Share": "45%"
    },
    "Lending": {
        "Description": "Digital lending platforms and credit",
        "Subcategories": ["P2P Lending", "Digital Mortgages", "SME Lending"],
        "Key Players": ["LendingClub", "Affirm", "Klarna", "Upstart"],
        "Market Share": "20%"
    },
    "Investments": {
        "Description": "Digital investment and wealth management",
        "Subcategories": ["Robo-advisors", "Tokenisation", "Trading Platforms"],
        "Key Players": ["Robinhood", "Betterment", "eToro", "BlackRock"],
        "Market Share": "15%"
    },
    "Insurance": {
        "Description": "Digital insurance products and claims",
        "Subcategories": ["InsurTech", "Parametric", "On-demand"],
        "Key Players": ["Lemonade", "Oscar", "PolicyBazaar"],
        "Market Share": "8%"
    },
    "Blockchain": {
        "Description": "Crypto and DeFi platforms",
        "Subcategories": ["Exchanges", "DeFi Protocols", "NFTs"],
        "Key Players": ["Binance", "Coinbase", "Aave", "Uniswap"],
        "Market Share": "12%"
    }
}

for category, details in ecosystem.items():
    print(f"\n{category.upper()}:")
    print(f"  Description: {details['Description']}")
    print(f"  Subcategories: {', '.join(details['Subcategories'])}")
    print(f"  Key Players: {', '.join(details['Key Players'][:3])}...")
    print(f"  Market Share: {details['Market Share']}")

# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# PART C: DIGITAL FINANCE MARKET GROWTH VISUALISATION
# ----------------------------------------------------------------

print("\n" + "-"*60)
print("PART C: Market Growth Visualisation")
print("-"*60)

years = np.arange(2024, 2030)
# Simulated market growth (in trillions)
crypto = [2.5 + i * 1.5 for i in range(len(years))]  # Crypto market cap
defi = [0.1 + i * 0.2 for i in range(len(years))]     # DeFi TVL
payments = [8 + i * 2 for i in range(len(years))]     # Digital payments

fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 5))

ax.plot(years, crypto, marker='o', label='Crypto Market Cap', color='blue', alpha=0.8)
ax.plot(years, defi, marker='s', label='DeFi TVL', color='green', alpha=0.8)
ax.plot(years, payments, marker='^', label='Digital Payments', color='orange', alpha=0.8)

ax.set_xlabel('Year')
ax.set_ylabel('Value (Trillions USD)')
ax.set_title('Digital Finance Market Growth Projection')
ax.legend()
ax.grid(True, alpha=0.3)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('digital_finance_growth.png', dpi=300, bbox_inches='tight')
plt.show()
print("Market growth chart saved as 'digital_finance_growth.png'")

# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# PART D: DIGITAL FINANCE TRENDS DASHBOARD
# ----------------------------------------------------------------

print("\n" + "-"*60)
print("PART D: Digital Finance Trends Dashboard")
print("-"*60)

trends = pd.DataFrame({
    'Trend': [
        'DeFi Growth',
        'CBDC Development',
        'Tokenisation of Assets',
        'AI in Finance',
        'Embedded Finance',
        'Open Banking',
        'Green/Sustainable Finance',
        'Institutional Adoption'
    ],
    'Maturity': [
        'Growth Stage',
        'Pilot Stage',
        'Emerging',
        'Growth Stage',
        'Growth Stage',
        'Mature',
        'Emerging',
        'Growth Stage'
    ],
    'Impact (1-10)': [9, 8, 9, 7, 8, 7, 6, 9],
    'Adoption Rate': ['Rapid', 'Moderate', 'Slow', 'Moderate', 'Rapid', 'High', 'Low', 'Rapid']
})

print(trends.to_string(index=False))

# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# PART E: DIGITAL FINANCE VALUE CHAIN
# ----------------------------------------------------------------

print("\n" + "-"*60)
print("PART E: Digital Finance Value Chain")
print("-"*60)

value_chain = {
    "Layer 1: Infrastructure": {
        "Components": ["Blockchain Networks", "Internet", "Cloud Services", "APIs"],
        "Providers": ["Ethereum", "AWS", "Alchemy", "Infura"]
    },
    "Layer 2: Platforms": {
        "Components": ["Exchanges", "Wallets", "Payment Gateways", "Lending Platforms"],
        "Providers": ["Binance", "MetaMask", "Stripe", "Aave"]
    },
    "Layer 3: Applications": {
        "Components": ["Trading Apps", "Yield Farming", "Remittances", "Insurance"],
        "Providers": ["Robinhood", "Yearn", "Wise", "Lemonade"]
    },
    "Layer 4: Users": {
        "Components": ["Retail", "Institutional", "Merchants", "Governments"],
        "Providers": ["Individuals", "Banks", "Corporations", "Central Banks"]
    }
}

for layer, details in value_chain.items():
    print(f"\n{layer.upper()}:")
    print(f"  Components: {', '.join(details['Components'])}")
    print(f"  Providers: {', '.join(details['Providers'][:3])}...")

# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# PART F: DIGITAL FINANCE MATURITY MODEL
# ----------------------------------------------------------------

print("\n" + "-"*60)
print("PART F: Digital Finance Maturity Model")
print("-"*60)

maturity_model = {
    "Level 1: Digitise": {
        "Description": "Traditional processes digitised (e.g., online banking)",
        "Characteristics": ["Manual processes automated", "Basic digital presence", "Legacy systems"],
        "Example": "Basic mobile banking app"
    },
    "Level 2: Integrate": {
        "Description": "Systems and data integrated across channels",
        "Characteristics": ["API integration", "Omni-channel experience", "Data sharing"],
        "Example": "Integrated banking platform"
    },
    "Level 3: Innovate": {
        "Description": "New digital-first products and services",
        "Characteristics": ["Blockchain integration", "AI-powered", "Customer-centric"],
        "Example": "Digital-only bank with DeFi integration"
    },
    "Level 4: Transform": {
        "Description": "Fundamental business model transformation",
        "Characteristics": ["Decentralised", "Programmable", "Autonomous"],
        "Example": "Full DeFi ecosystem with DAO governance"
    }
}

for level, details in maturity_model.items():
    print(f"\n{level.upper()}:")
    print(f"  Description: {details['Description']}")
    print(f"  Characteristics: {', '.join(details['Characteristics'])}")
    print(f"  Example: {details['Example']}")

# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# PART G: SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
# ----------------------------------------------------------------

print("\n" + "="*70)
print("PART G: Summary and Recommendations")
print("="*70)

print("""
Digital Finance Overview – Key Takeaways:

1. Digital finance encompasses payments, lending, investment, insurance, and blockchain.
2. Evolution: online banking → mobile → FinTech → DeFi → AI/autonomous finance.
3. Key players: tech giants, FinTechs, neobanks, exchanges, DeFi protocols.
4. Growth driven by financial inclusion, cost reduction, speed, and transparency.
5. Market projected to grow significantly (CAGR 15-40% across segments).
6. Trends: DeFi, CBDCs, tokenisation, AI, embedded finance.
7. Maturity model: Digitise → Integrate → Innovate → Transform.

Recommendations:
  - Understand the digital finance landscape and key players.
  - Identify opportunities for blockchain integration in finance.
  - Stay updated on regulatory developments.
  - Build digital finance capabilities incrementally.
  - Focus on user experience and financial inclusion.
  - Prepare for convergence of traditional and decentralised finance.
""")