1. The Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard
To fulfill the metrics and targets pillar of IFRS S2 and equivalent regional mandates, entities must systematically quantify their greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. Under the global GHG Protocol Framework, emissions are categorized into three operational scopes based on ownership and control boundaries.
 
2. The 3 Carbon Emissions Scopes
                           ┌───────────────────────────┐
                           │   Corporate GHG Footprint │
                           └─────────────┬─────────────┘
                                         │
         ┌───────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────┐
         ▼                               ▼                               ▼
 ┌───────────────┐               ┌───────────────┐               ┌───────────────┐
 │    Scope 1    │               │    Scope 2    │               │    Scope 3    │
 └───────┬───────┘               └───────┬───────┘               └───────┬───────┘
         │                               │                               │
  Direct emissions                Indirect emissions              Value-chain impacts
  from owned or                   from purchased                  (Upstream suppliers
  controlled sources              electricity, heating,           and downstream product
  (e.g., factory combustion).     or cooling.                     use / lifecycle).

 
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